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Snow, Weather, and Avalanches:
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This document was produced through the cooperative efforts of the American Avalanche Association (A3) and the Forest Service National Avalanche Center. Its creation involved a working group from a broad cross section of avalanche workers in the U.S. getting input from the general membership of A3 and cooperation from the Canadian Avalanche Association. The result is this working document that we expect to be updated every five to ten years. The electronic copy below is not printable, and is meant to be a resource for folks to check out the guidelines, view the contents, and do electronic searches. Bound hard copy of the document can be purchased through out online store beginning in the fall of 2004. Printable versions of the forms and conversion tables in the document are available below. Snow, Weather, and Avalanches: Observational Guidelines for Avalanche Programs in the United States Introduction - includes the Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Manual Snow and Weather Observations Chapter 2 - Snowpack Observations Chapter 3 - Avalanche Observations Glossary Appendix A-References Appendix B-Units Appendix C-Metadata Appendix D-Observational sites for meteorological measurements Appendix E (Part 1 and Part 2)-Automated weather stations Appendix F (Part 1 and Part 2-ICSI classification for seasonal snow cover on the ground Appendix G-Avalanche danger, hazard, and snow stability scales Appendix H-Reporting avalanche involvements Appendix I-Symbols and abbreviations Printable Forms and Charts: Avalanche accident reporting form - Long form (print version) Avalanche accident reporting from - Short form (print verion) (electronic verion) Avalanche data codes Conversion charts Sample datalogger programs Snow profile forms Ram Field Sheet Ram Calculation Sheet Please send contents, corrections and suggestions to: Mark Mueller Executive Director - American Avalanche Association P.O. Box 2831 Pagosa Springs, CO 81147 aaa@avalanche.org Supplementary Material Snow Symbol Fonts from the Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research The Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research has created TrueType fonts of the snow symbols in the Classification for Seasonal Snow on the Ground (Colbeck and others, 1990). A few of the symbols commonly used in North America differ slightly from those listed in this document. International Classification for Seasonal Snow Cover on the Ground An electronic version of this document is available at the United States Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL). Forest Service National Avalanche Center More information on snow and avalanche phenomena can be found on the Technology Transfer section of the NAC's website. Westwide Avalanche Network A great resource for avalanche information in the United States. Canadian Avalanche Association A great resource for avalanche information in Canada. Snow Crystal Physics at the California Institute of Technology A great resource on snow crystal formation. Snow Measuring Equipment and Snowpit Kits Snowmetrics Snowpit Technologies Lifelink Wasatch Touring Field Notebooks Snowpit Technologies Hacksaw Publishing Rite in the Rain Snow Profile Software Snowpilot Snowpro+ Automated Weather Stations and Sensors Campbell Scientific Judd Communications |
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