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NASAR Search and Rescue Canine Technician Certification Standards, Comment Revision 1.1

Proposed NASAR Certification Standards for Canine Search and Rescue Technician Type III Note: Any unauthorized use is subject to legal action! This is Comment Revision 1.1, February 15, 1999. FOR COMMENT ONLY - NOT AN APPROVED NASAR STANDARD Purpose

I.    The Canine Search and Rescue Technician-Type III certification is designed to identify the minimum knowledge skills and performance skills needed by an individual and their canine partner to perform as a SAR Canine Crew during land search operations for a single, stationary victim during daylight hours.

II.    The Canine Search and Rescue Technician - Type III certification defines minimum performance for both Area Search Dogs and Trailing Search Dogs and acknowledges that a Type III certification in either of these disciplines will be the prerequisite for higher level NASAR search and rescue dog certifications.

III.    The Canine Search and Rescue Technician Type III certification recognizes the need for further training to acquire the knowledge and experience needed to become a fully competent SAR canine handler in a wide variety of land search operations.

Qualifications

I.    Canine handlers must be certified by NASAR as a Search and Rescue Technician - Type II prior to taking this evaluation regardless of whether the candidates are seeking a Canine Type II or III certification.

II.    The candidate must produce written proof of the canine having successfully completed a nationally recognized obedience program prior to the evaluation. Examples of such programs include AKC programs such as "Canine Good Citizen", a United States Police Canine Association program, a United States Police Working Dog Association program, or a Federal Emergency Management Agency program.

Equipment Requirements

The Canine SAR Technician Type III candidate must possess all of the equipment as listed in Attachment 1 of this certification and must present this equipment for inspection during this evaluation process.

Certification Procedures

I.    Criteria that Must be Met

     A.    Obtain training and experience that includes the necessary knowledge and performance skills. Such training and experience must be         documented preferably in an individual logbook. Any individual with a canine partner meeting the above qualifications may be permitted to challenge the written and practical exams.

     B.    Pass a written test within the limits defined for each knowledge and performance skill with a score of 70%. C.Pass a practical exam within the limits defined for each performance objective.

I.    Certification

     A.    Upon successful completion of the requirements a certificate will be issued by NASAR. This certificate does not constitute a license to practice skills identified in this certificate program or practice the knowledge and performance skills that have been evaluated. The certification does signify that the person and canine partner holding the permit have met the requirements of an established standard of knowledge and          performance skill on the date indicated on the certificate.

     B.    This certification is valid for the canine-handler team that was evaluated and is not transferable to another canine or handler. If working another canine the handler must complete the entire evaluation process with the new/additional canine.

     C.    The written portion of the Canine Search and Rescue Technician Type III test may be waived if a handler has previously certified another dog under the Canine SAR Technician Type III certification program and the Certificate has been issued within the previous 5 years of the new evaluation date.

     D.    This certificate signifies that the holder has met and exceeded the ASTM guidelines outlined in the References of this document.

Test Methods

I.    Canine Search and Rescue Technician Type III - Area Search Dog

     A.    Pass a written examination consisting of at least 100 questions and a practical examination within the limits defined for each performance objective.

     B.    Locate a single subject in a pre-defined 40-60 acre area using techniques that are within the limits defined for each performance objective. (Scent article shall be available upon handler request)

II.    Canine Search and Rescue Technician Type III - Trailing Search Dog

     A.    Pass a written examination consisting of at least 100 questions and a practical examination within the limits defined for each performance objective.

     B.    Track/Trail and locate a single subject who has travelled between 1/4 and 1/2 mile and while using techniques that are within the limits defined for each performance objective. (Scent article shall be available upon handler request)

Knowledge and Performance Objectives

I.    Canine Obedience and Agility

     A.    Candidate will be able to describe the advantages and disadvantages of working a canine on-lead versus off-lead.

     B.    Candidate canine will be able to demonstrate a non-aggressive behavior towards humans and other canines in the presence of strangers.

             1.    Canine will be evaluated to ensure that no aggression towards humans or other canines occurs during any time during the field or classroom evaluations. 

            2.    Canine-handler candidates will not be allowed to continue in the event that an act of aggression is observed during the evaluation.

            3.    Canine-handler candidates will be dismissed from the evaluation site if an act of aggression is observed by the coordinator or evaluators.

     C.    While on-lead the candidate will be able to place the dog in a vehicle with other dogs and strangers without the dog displaying aggressive behavior towards the stranger or other dogs.

     D.    The candidate must produce written proof of the canine having successfully completed a nationally recognized obedience program prior to the evaluation. Examples of such programs include AKC programs such as "Canine Good Citizen", a United States Police Canine Association  program, a United States Police Working Dog Association program, or a Federal Emergency Management Agency program.

     E.    Canine will be able to demonstrate obedience through its reaction to handler commands.

II.    Canine First Aid

     A.    Handler will be able to render first aid to their canine partner.

            1.    The candidate will recognize the normal physiological parameters for, and perform primary and secondary medical assessments of the  following on a canine:

            2.    The candidate will recognize the signs of heat exhaustion, hypothermia and antiphylactic reaction in a canine.

            3.    The candidate will know how to use what equipment they are required to carry to improvise treatment of a canine.

            4.    The candidate will know how to improvise a muzzle to control a canine while performing emergency medical treatment to the canine.

            5.    The candidate will know to bandage an injured canine leg using equipment carried in the Canine SAR Technician pack and listed in Attachment 1 of this certification.

III.    Search Techniques and Tactics - (SAR TECHNICIAN I/CREW LEADER III:Paragraph VII,C-F)

     A.    The candidate shall be able to describe the following scanning and observation skills/techniques.

            1.    Clue awareness

            2.    Relevant and irrelevant clues

            3.    Scanning versus observing

            4.    Scanning ranges

            5.    Increasing observation effectiveness

     B.    The candidate shall identify the different types of searches, describe their differences and demonstrate the techniques for maximizing the effectiveness of the following:

            1.    Hasty searches

                    a.    Objectives of hasty searches

                    b.    Types of resources used for hasty searches

                    c.    Hasty search crew formations d.crew duties and assignments

            2.    Efficient searches

                    a.    Sign cutting (Point Last Scene versus route)

                    b.    Wide spacing line searching

            3.    Thorough searches

            4.    Confinement tactics

     C.    The candidate shall describe binary search strategy and tactics.

     D.    The candidate shall define critical spacing and explain how it is used.

     E.    The candidate shall describe the role of the search crew in supporting a dog crew and the role of the dog crew in supporting the search crew.

     F.    Handler will be able to identify the various classifications of Search and Rescue Dogs through their working modes.

            1.    Candidate will be able to distinguish between the following kinds of Search and Rescue Dogs:

                    a.    Tracking search dog

                     b.    Trailing search dog

                     c.    Area search dog

                     d.    Water search dog

                     e.    Cadaver search dog

                     f.    Disaster/Collapsed Structure search dog

                     g.    Avalanche search dog

                     h.    Evidence/Article search dog

            2.    The candidate will be able to explain the differences between scent discrimination and non-scent discrimination trained dogs.

     G.    Handler will be able to recognize and explain different methods of canine search techniques.

            1.    Candidate will know how to establish a direction of travel.

            2.    Candidate will know how to establish an assignment parimeter.

            3.    Candidate will know how to establish a search grid strategy.

            4.    Candidate will know how to "cut for scent".

            5.    Candidate will be able to describe effective search strategy considerations when using SAR dogs in the following types of searching:

                    a.    Hasty search

                    b.    Efficient searches

                    c.    Thorough searches

     H.    Handler will be able to articulate methods of reporting search results to incident managers.

            1.    Candidate will be able to estimate Probability of Detection (POD) for canine search techniques.

            2.    Candidate will be able articulate the factor's that affect crew POD's.

            3.    Candidates will Know how to report alerts.

IV.    Handler will be able to identify the mico-meteorological factors that influence canine search strategies and search results.

            1.    Candidate will be able to describe the effects of the following on trailing/tracking and air scenting dogs:

                    a.    Wind

                    b.    Water

                    c.    Temperature

                    d.    Convection

                    e.    Terrain

                    f.    Time of Day

V.    Search Operations

     A.    The candidate will be able to describe the proper techniques for gathering and handling scent articles.

     B.    The candidate will be able to describe various ways by which search dogs may indicate an alert.

     C.    The candidate will be able to describe various ways by which search dogs may indicate a find.

            1.    Candidates will be able to describe the following indications of a find:

                    a.    Return and Refind

                    b.    Bringsel (either handler or canine-carried)

                    c.    Stay and bark d.Return and lead back on leash

     D.    The candidate handler and canine will be able to locate a single stationary subject during daylight hours.

     E.    The candidate handler and canine will be able to operate in terrain typical of their primary response area.

     F.    The candidate handler and canine will be able to search small areas during daylight hours (or Paragraph G.)

            1.    Canine Search and Rescue Technician Type III - Area Search Dog

                    a.    Candidate handler and canine partner will be evaluated using an area of 40-60 acres.

                    b.    Candidate handler and canine partner will be evaluated using a minimum and maximum time limit (10 minutes - 1.5 hours).

                    c.    An uncontaminated subject scent article will be made available to the handler upon request.

     G.    The candidate handler and canine will be able to follow subject's trail over a short distance during daylight hours.

            1.    Canine Search and Rescue Technician Type III - Trailing Search Dog

                    a.    Candidate handler and canine partner will be evaluated using a trail of 1/4 to 1/2 mile aged a minimum of 4 hours.

                    b.    Subjects trail will have at least 2 more recent cross-tracks laid at separate points along the subject's trail.

                    c.    Subjects trail will cross at least one road (surfaced or non-surfaced) and will traverse more than one terrain feature (vegetation zones, urban areas, etc).

                    d.    Candidate handler and canine partner will be evaluated using a minimum and maximum time limit (15 minutes - 2.0 hours).

                    e.    Candidate handler and canine partner will be evaluated as to whether they are able to establish a direction of travel in a contaminated zone such as a parking lot, baseball field, etc.

                    f.    An uncontaminated subject scent article will be made available to the handler upon request.

References

Proposed NASAR Certification Standards for Canine Search and Rescue Technician Type II - Area Search Dog Note: Any unauthorized use is subject to legal action! This is Comment Revision 1.1, February 15, 1999. FOR COMMENT ONLY - NOT AN APPROVED NASAR STANDARD Purpose

I.     The Canine Search and Rescue Technician-Type II certifications are designed to identify the minimum knowledge skills and performance skills needed by an individual and their canine partner to perform as a SAR Canine Crew during land search operations for multiple, victims and in varied light and terrain.

II.     These standards recognize the need for further training to acquire the knowledge and experience needed to become a fully competent SAR canine handler in a wide variety of land search operations.

Qualifications

I.     Canine handlers must be certified by NASAR as a Search and Rescue Technician II prior to taking this evaluation. The candidate must produce written proof of the canine having successfully completed a nationally recognized obedience program prior to the evaluation. Examples of such programs include AKC programs such as "Canine Good Citizen", a United States Police Canine Association program, a United States Police Working Dog Association program, or a Federal Emergency Management Agency program. Canine Handlers must be certified by NASAR as a Search and Rescue Canine Technician - Type III prior to taking this evaluation.

Equipment Requirements

I.     The Canine SAR Technician Type II candidate must possess all of the equipment as listed in Attachment 1 of this standard and must present this equipment for inspection during this evaluation process.

Certification Procedures

I.     Criteria that Must be Met

     A.     Obtain training and experience that includes the necessary knowledge and performance skills. Such training and experience must be documented preferably in an individual logbook.

     B.     Pass a practical exam within the limits defined for each performance objective.

II.     Certification

     A.     Upon successful completion of the requirements a certificate will be issued by NASAR. This certificate does not constitute a license to practice skills identified in this certificate program or practice the knowledge and performance skills that have been evaluated. The certification does signify that the person and canine partner holding the permit have met the requirements of an established standard of knowledge and          performance skill on the date indicated on the certificate.

     B.     This certification is valid for the canine-handler team that was evaluated and is not transferable to another canine or handler. If working another canine the handler must complete the entire evaluation process with the new/additional canine.

     C.     This certificate signifies that the holder has met and exceeded the ASTM guidelines outlined in the References of this document.

Test Methods

Pass a practical examination within the limits defined for each performance objective.

Knowledge and Performance Objectives

I.     Canine Obedience and Agility

     A.     The candidate must produce written proof of the canine having successfully completed a nationally recognized obedience program prior to the evaluation.

     B.     Candidate will be able to describe how they will work their canine on-lead and off-lead and why.

     C.     While on-lead the candidate will be able to place the dog in a vehicle with other dogs and strangers without the dog displaying aggressive behavior towards the stranger or other dogs.

     D.     Candidate canine will be able to demonstrate a non-aggressive behavior towards humans and other canines in the presence of strangers.

          1.     Canine will be evaluated to ensure that no aggression towards humans or other canines occurs during any time during the field or classroom evaluations.

          2.     Canine-handler candidates will not be allowed to continue in the event that an act of aggression is observed during the evaluation.

          3.     Canine-handler candidates will be dismissed from the evaluation site if an act of aggression is observed by the coordinator or evaluators.

     E.     Handler will be able to describe the commands they will use to direct their dog through various activities including their search problem.

     F.     Canine will be able to demonstrate obedience through its reaction to handler commands.

II.     Canine First Aid

     A.     Handler will be able to render first aid to their canine partner.

III.     Search Techniques and Tactics

     A.     The candidate will be able to describe if and how they would work their canine partner with and without a scent article.

     B.     Handler will be able to classify their canine according to one or more of the following kinds of Search and Rescue Dogs:

            1.     Tracking search dog

            2.     Trailing search dog

            3.     Area search dog

            4.     Water search dog

            5.     Cadaver search dog

            6.     Disaster/Collapsed Structure search dog

            7.     Avalanche search dog

            8.     Evidence/Article search dog

     C.     Handler will be able to describe the mico-meteorological factors that are anticipated to and in the end did influence their field problem. These will include:

            1.     Wind

            2.     Water

            3.     Temperature

            4.     Convection

            5.     Terrain

            6.     Time of Day

IV.     Search Operations

     A.     The candidate will be able to correctly gather and handle a scent articles.

     B.     Prior to the start of the search problem the canine handler will be able to correctly describe to the evaluation team the following characteristics of their canine partner's search behavior:

            1.     Type of alert to be performed by the canine upon entering the scent cone.

            2.     Type of find/re-find to be performed by the canine upon locating the victim.

            3.     If the canine will work on lead, off lead or both during the problem.

     C.     The candidate handler and canine will be able to search a moderate area with terrain consistent with what the handler normally works during daylight hours.

     D.     The candidate handler and canine will be able to locate at least 2 mobile subjects during daylight hours.

            1.     Candidate handler and canine partner will be evaluated using a 140 - 160 acre area.

            2.     Candidate handler and canine partner will be evaluated using a minimum and maximum time limit (1 to 5 hours).

     E.     The candidate handler and canine will be able to search a moderate area with terrain consistent with what the handler normally works during night time hours.

     F.     The candidate handler and canine will be able to locate a single stationary subject during night time hours.

            1.     Candidate handler and canine partner will be evaluated using a nominal 80 acre search area.

            2.     Candidate handler and canine partner will be evaluated using a minimum and maximum time limit (30 minutes to 3 hours).

     G.     Handler will be able to justify and document the search tactics used to complete their search problem. This documentation will include:

            1.     Search Method

            2.     Route Traveled

            3.     Alerts

            4.     Relevant Meteorology

            5.     Estimated POD

References
  American Rescue Dog Association,Search and Rescue Dogs, Training Methods, Howell Bookhouse, New York. ASTM F_1848, 1998. Classification of Search and Rescue Dog Crew/Teams, ASTM 100 Barr Harbor Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19428. ASTM F_1847, 1998. Guide for Demonstrating Minimum Skills of Search and Rescue Dogs, ASTM 100 Barr Harbor Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19428. ASTM F_1879, 1998. Guide for Demonstrating Obedience and Agility in Search and Rescue Dogs, ASTM 100 Barr Harbor Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19428. Bryson, S., 1984.Search Dog Training. The Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, CA. Bulanda, Susan, 1994. READY! The Training of the Search and Rescue Dog. Portland, OR, Doral Publishing. Carlson, D.G. and Griffin,x., DVM, 1992. Dog Owners Home Veterinary Handbook Howell Book House author??, 1980. The K9 Medical book, Howell Book House, Macmillin Publishing Company, 866 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10022. NASAR Advanced Search and Rescue, National Association for Search and Rescue, 4500 Southgate Place, Suite 100, Chantilly, VA 20151. NASAR, 1997. Search and Rescue Dog (Canine) / Handler Performance Expectation Guidelines, National Association for Search and Rescue, 4500 Southgate Place, Suite 100, Chantilly, VA 20151. NASAR, 19??. Fundamentals of Search and Rescue, National Association for Search and Rescue, 4500 Southgate Place, Suite 100, Chantilly, VA 20151. NASAR, 1992. Search and Rescue Standards for SAR Personnel, National Association for Search and Rescue, 4500 Southgate Place, Suite 100, Chantilly, VA 20151. Syrotuck, William G., 1972. Scent and The Scenting Dog Arner Publications, 100 Bouck Street, Rome, NY 13440USDA, 1970. Fire Weather - A Guide for the Application of Meteorological Information to Forest Fire Control Operations. USFS Handbook Number 360. National Interagency Fire Center, Boise, ID 83705. Publication #NF ES-1174.

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Proposed NASAR Certification Standards for Canine Search and Rescue Technician Type II - Trailing/Tracking Search Dog Note: Any unauthorized use is subject to legal action! This is Comment Revision 1.1, February 15, 1999. FOR COMMENT ONLY - NOT AN APPROVED NASAR STANDARD Purpose

I.    The Canine Search and Rescue Technician-Type II certifications are designed to identify the minimum knowledge skills and performance skills needed by an individual and their canine partner to perform as a SAR Canine Crew during land search operations for multiple, victims and in varied light and terrain. II.These standards recognize the need for further training to acquire the knowledge and experience needed to become a fully competent SAR canine handler in a wide variety of land search operations.

Qualifications

I.    Canine handlers must be certified by NASAR as a Search and Rescue Technician II prior to taking this evaluation. II.The candidate must produce written proof of the canine having successfully completed a nationally recognized obedience program prior to the evaluation. Examples of such programs include AKC programs such as "Canine Good Citizen", a United States Police Canine Association program, a United States Police Working Dog Association program, or a Federal Emergency Management Agency program. III.Canine Handlers must be certified by NASAR as a Search and Rescue Canine Technician - Type III prior to taking this evaluation.

Equipment Requirements

I.    The Canine SAR Technician Type II candidate must possess all of the equipment as listed in Attachment 1 of this standard and must present this equipment for inspection during this evaluation process.

Certification Procedures

I.    Criteria that Must be Met

     A.    Obtain training and experience that includes the necessary knowledge and performance skills. Such training and experience must be documented preferably in an individual logbook.

     B.    Pass a practical exam within the limits defined for each performance objective.

II.    Certification

     A.    Upon successful completion of the requirements a certificate will be issued by NASAR. This certificate does not constitute a license to practice skills identified in this certificate program or practice the knowledge and performance skills that have been evaluated. The certification does signify that the person and canine partner holding the permit have met the requirements of an established standard of knowledge and          performance skill on the date indicated on the certificate.

     B.    This certification is valid for the canine-handler team that was evaluated and is not transferable to another canine or handler. If working another canine the handler must complete the entire evaluation process with the new/additional canine.

     C.    This certificate signifies that the holder has met and exceeded the ASTM guidelines outlined in the References of this document.

Test Methods

I.    Pass a practical examination within the limits defined for each performance objective.

Knowledge and Performance Objectives

I.    Canine Obedience and Agility

     A.The candidate must produce written proof of the canine having successfully completed a nationally recognized obedience program prior to the evaluation.

     B.    Candidate will be able to describe how they will work their canine on-lead and off-lead and why.

     C.    While on-lead the candidate will be able to place the dog in a vehicle with other dogs and strangers without the dog displaying aggressive behavior towards the stranger or other dogs.

     D.    Candidate canine will be able to demonstrate a non-aggressive behavior towards humans and other canines in the presence of strangers.

            1.    Canine will be evaluated to ensure that no aggression towards humans or other canines occurs during any time during the field or classroom evaluations.

            2.    Canine-handler candidates will not be allowed to continue in the event that an act of aggression is observed during the evaluation.

            3.    Canine-handler candidates will be dismissed from the evaluation site if an act of aggression is observed by the coordinator or evaluators.

      E.    Handler will be able to describe the commands they will use to direct their dog through various activities including their search problem.

      F.    Canine will be able to demonstrate obedience through its reaction to handler commands.

II.    Canine First Aid

     A.    Handler will be able to render first aid to their canine partner.

III.    Search Techniques and Tactics

     A.    The candidate will be able to describe if and how they would work their canine partner with and without a scent article.

     B.    Handler will be able to classify their canine according to one or more of the following kinds of Search and Rescue Dogs:

            1.    Tracking search dog

            2.    Trailing search dog

            3.    Area search dog

            4.    Water search dog

            5.    Cadaver search dog

            6.    Disaster/Collapsed Structure search dog

            7.    Avalanche search dog

            8.    Evidence/Article search dog

     C.    Handler will be able to describe the mico-meteorological factors that are anticipated to and in the end did influence their field problem. These will include:

            1.    Wind

            2.    Water

            3.    Temperature

            4.    Convection

            5.    Terrain

            6.    Time of Day

IV.    Search Operations

     A.    The candidate will be able to correctly gather and handle a scent articles.

     B.    Prior to the start of the search problem the canine handler will be able to correctly describe to the evaluation team the following characteristics of their canine partner's search behavior:

            1.    Type of alert to be performed by the canine upon entering the scent cone.

            2.    Type of find/re-find to be performed by the canine upon locating the victim.

            3.    If the canine will work on lead, off lead or both during the problem.

     C.    The candidate handler and canine will be able to search in both moderate wilderness terrain and "urban terrain" consistent with what the  handler normally works during day time hours.

    D.    Canine handler and canine partner will be evaluated using a wilderness trail that is 18-24 hours old, one mile or more in length.

            1.    The timing of the aging of the trail should allow for at least 1/2 hour of night trailing/tracking.

            2.    Subject's wilderness trail should wander through varied terrain, include a dirt road or trail and have at least 3 turns. If the area is not subject to foot traffic, two deliberate fresh cross trails should be set just prior to beginning the evaluation.

            3.    Canine handler and canine partner will additionally be evaluated in an urban setting which is 18 - 30 hours old and between 1 and 1.5 miles  in length.

            4.    Subjects's urban trail should include a variety of surfaces such as pavement, grass (field), foot trails and sidewalks and include at least 6 turns. Distractions such as dumpsters, large air conditioning units, parked cars and light vehicle and pedestrian traffic should be included in  the "urban terrain".

            5.    There are no time limits for the completion of the problem as long as the dog continues to work.

            6.    An uncontaminated subject scent article will be made available to the handler upon request for each problem.

     E.    The candidate handler and canine partner will be able to differentiate between at least two individual trails.

            1.    Candidate handler will be evaluated as to whether they can articulate to the evaluator the dog's indication of the proper subject.

            2.    Candidate handler and canine partner will be evaluated as to whether or not they identify the proper subject.

            3.    Candidate handler and canine partner will be evaluated as to whether they were able to follow the path taken by the subject, giving consideration to the weather conditions, wind direction and traffic.

            4.    If two or more subjects are not available for evaluation problems then 3 subjects need to be present at the conclusion of each problem to allow the dog to indicate which subject layed the trail.

     F.    Handler will be able to justify and document the search tactics used to complete their search problem. This documentation will include:

            1.    A map of the route traveled

            2.    An assessment of the work the dog did accomplish.

            3.    Relevant Meteorology

            4.    Estimated POD

References

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Attachment I Proposed Required Equipment for Canine Search and Rescue Technician Type III   Note: Any unauthorized use is subject to legal action! This is Comment Revision 1.1, February 15, 1999. FOR COMMENT ONLY - NOT AN APPROVED NASAR STANDARD

List of Minimum Required Equipment for Canine Search and Rescue Technician Type III

The Canine SAR technician III candidate must be able to show that they have all of the required equipment as listed below. The following equipment is commonly compiled to form what is referred to as a "24-hour ready pack". Such a pack hold those items that would allow the holder to function in a safe, effective and efficient manner during a SAR incident as a SAR Technician. Some items may be carried on a belt, in pockets, or strapped to the person. This equipment should be carried on all incidents in rural or wilderness areas and is considered the minimum amount.

Consult a physician for recommendations about analgesics and other drugs you may wish to carry in your SAR pack.

Every item on this list must be present for the candidate to pass this evaluation. There will be no exceptions.

Note: Items marked by an asterik (*) are either additions to the SAR Tech II equipment listing or items whose number has been increased.

Personal/Canine First Aid and Survival Kit

Personal/Canine SAR Equipment

Optional Equipment Not required, but recommended

Copyright 1999, National Association for Search and Rescue