|
climatologists believe that the climate of many regions is
shifting toward extremes. On March 24, 1996, an avalanche
onto the main highway linking Sichuan andTibet resulted
in56deaths.OnMay10,1996,asevereandwidely
publicized stormonMountEverest ledto8 deaths.An
unusuallycoldstormduring the monsoonperiod killed
more than 100 religious pilgrims near Amarnath in north-
ern India on August 23,1996.Regardless of any climate-
change indications, this series of events in the Himalayan
regionduring 1995-1996clearlydemonstratesthatmore
people arebecoming exposedto natural hazardsin thehigh
mountains.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We appreciate the assistance of many people who shared
information and observations about the storm,snowpack,
andavalanchesincludingPasangLama,A.P.Pokhrel,
MichaelSchmitz,PembaDorjeSherpa,and SonaHishi
Sherpa.
REFERENCES
de Scally, F. A. and J. S. Gardner. 1990.Ablation of avalanched
and undisturbed snow, Himalaya mountains, Pakistan.Water
Resources Research 26(11): 2757-2767.
de Scally,F. A.andJ.S.Gardner.1994.Characteristics and
mitigationofthesnowavalanchehazardinKaghanValley,
Pak istan Himalaya.Natural Hazards 9: 197-213.
Grabs, W. E. and A. P. Pokhrel. 1993.Establishment of a meas-
uring service for snow and glacier hydrologyin Nepal -- con-
ceptual andoperational aspects.IN:Snow andGlacierHy-
drology(Proceedings of the KathmanduSymposium),edited
by G. J. Young, 3-16, Publication 218, International Association
of Hydrological Sciences,Wallingford,England.
Higuchi, K. (ed.) 1976. Glaciers and Climates of Nepal Hima-
layas. Report of the Glaciological Expedition to Nepal. Seppyo,
Journal of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice, Special Issue
38.
Higuchi, K. 1993.Nepal-Japan cooperation in research on gla-
ciers and climates of the Nepal Himalaya.IN: Snow and Gla-
cier Hydrology (Proceedings of the Kathmandu Symposium),
editedbyG.J.Young,29-36,Publication 218,International
Association of Hydrological Sciences, Wallingford, England.
Higuchi, K., Y. Ageta, T. Yasunari, and J. Inoue. 1982.Charac-
teristics of precipitationduringthe monsoonseasonin high-
mountain areas of the Nepal Himalaya.IN: Hydrological As-
pects of Alpine and High Mountain Areas, edited by J. S. Glen,
21-30,Publication138,International AssociationofHydro-
logical Sciences,Wallingford,England.
Inoue,J.1976.Climate of Khumbu Himal.IN: Glaciers and
Climates of Nepal Himalayas. Report of the Glaciological Ex-
pedition to Nepal. Seppyo, Journal of the Japanese Societyof
Snow and Ice, Special Issue 38: 66-73.
Limbu, R. 199 5.Dead porters don't protest. Himal 8(6): 37.
Mani,A.1981.Theclim ateoftheHimalaya.IN:T he
Himalaya: Aspects of Change, edited by J. S. Lal, 3-15, Oxford
University Press, Delhi.
McClung,D.M.1981.AvalanchefatalitiesinHimalayan
mountaineering.American Alpine Journal 23(55): 138-145.
MohanRao,N.,N.Rangachary,V. Kumar,andA.Verdhen.
1987.Some aspects of snow cover development and avalanche
|
formation in the Indian Himalaya.IN: Avalanche Formation,
Movement, and Effects (Proceedings of the Davos Symposium),
editedbyB.SalmandH.Gubler,453-462,Publication 162,
InternationalA ssociationo fH y dro lo gicalSciences,
Wallingford, England.
Muller,F. 1959.Eight months of glacierandsoil researchin
the Everest region.The Mountain World 1958/1959: 191-208,
Swiss Foundationfor AlpineResearch.
Roch,A. 1954.Glaciers,snow, and avalanches of Mount Ev-
erest.Journal of Glaciology2(16): 428-430.
Sek o,K.andS.Takahashi.1991.Characteristicsofwinter
precipitationand its effects on glaciers in the Nepal Himala-
yas.Bulletin of Glacier Research 9: 9-16.
Steinegger,U., L.N. Braun,G.Kappenberger,and G.Tartari.
1993.Assessment of annual snow accumulation over the past
10 years at high elevations in the Langtang region.IN: Snow
andGlacierHydrology(Proceedings of the KathmanduSym-
posium),edited byG.J. Young,155-165, Publication218, In-
ternational Association of Hydrological Sciences, Wallingford,
England.
Yamada, T., S. Fukumi, R. Aryal, T. Kadota, K. Fujita, K. Seko,
and T. Yasuna. 1996. Pangka avalanche -- 1995. Seppyo, Jour-
nal of the JapaneseSocietyof Snow and Ice.
Yasunari,T.1976.Seasonal weathervariations inKhumbu
Himal.IN: Glaciers and Climates of Nepal Himalayas. Report
of the Glaciological ExpeditiontoNepal.Seppyo,Journal of
the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice, Special Issue 38: 74-83.
|
|
1
2
3
